diff --git a/AI_REFACTOR_PLAN.md b/AI_REFACTOR_PLAN.md
index 9781fe2..66f09f4 100644
--- a/AI_REFACTOR_PLAN.md
+++ b/AI_REFACTOR_PLAN.md
@@ -437,21 +437,21 @@ Cloud Agent:
 - **Outcome:** Users configure AI prompts through guided conversation. Journey can refine an existing config when `agent_id` is provided. ✅
 
 ### Step 3.6 — Cloud provider integrations
-- [ ] Create `app/integrations/gmail.py`:
+- [x] Create `app/integrations/gmail.py`:
   - `GmailClient`:
     - `__init__(oauth_token)` — initializes Google API client
     - `async fetch_messages(filter_config, since: datetime) -> list[EmailMessage]`
     - `EmailMessage`: `{ id, subject, sender, body_text, date, labels }`
     - Handles token refresh via Google OAuth2 refresh flow
     - Respects `filter_config.labels`, `filter_config.date_range`, `filter_config.senders`
-- [ ] Create `app/integrations/ms_graph.py`:
+- [x] Create `app/integrations/ms_graph.py`:
   - `MSGraphClient`:
     - `__init__(oauth_token)` — initializes MS Graph client
     - `async fetch_emails(filter_config, since: datetime) -> list[EmailMessage]` (Outlook)
     - `async fetch_messages(filter_config, since: datetime) -> list[ChatMessage]` (Teams)
     - `ChatMessage`: `{ id, content, sender, channel, date }`
     - Handles token refresh via MSAL
-- [ ] Create `app/integrations/__init__.py` — factory: `get_provider(provider_name) -> GmailClient | MSGraphClient`
+- [x] Create `app/integrations/__init__.py` — factory: `get_provider(provider_name) -> GmailClient | MSGraphClient`
 - **Dependencies:** `google-api-python-client`, `google-auth-oauthlib`, `msgraph-sdk`, `msal`
 - **Files:** `app/integrations/gmail.py`, `app/integrations/ms_graph.py`, `app/integrations/__init__.py`
 - **Outcome:** Backend can fetch emails/messages from Gmail, Outlook, and Teams.
diff --git a/app/config/settings.py b/app/config/settings.py
index b5e181b..886d2e5 100644
--- a/app/config/settings.py
+++ b/app/config/settings.py
@@ -29,6 +29,25 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     LLM_MODEL: str = "gpt-4o"
     LLM_ROUTER_MODEL: str = "gpt-4o-mini"
+    LLM_EMBED_MODEL: str = "text-embedding-3-small"
+
+    # GitHub Copilot OAuth token storage directory.
+    # Leave empty to use the LiteLLM default (~/.config/litellm/github_copilot).
+    # In Docker, set this to a path backed by a named volume so tokens survive restarts.
+    GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_DIR: str = ""
+
+    # OAuth client credentials — used for Gmail and Microsoft (Outlook/Teams) flows.
+    GMAIL_CLIENT_ID: str = ""
+    GMAIL_CLIENT_SECRET: str = ""
+    MS_CLIENT_ID: str = ""
+    MS_CLIENT_SECRET: str = ""
+    # MS_TENANT_ID: set to 'common' to allow multi-tenant (personal + work accounts).
+    MS_TENANT_ID: str = "common"
+
+    # Fernet key (URL-safe base64, 32-byte key) for at-rest encryption of OAuth
+    # tokens stored in cloud_agent_configs.oauth_token_encrypted.
+    # Generate with: from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; Fernet.generate_key()
+    OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY: str = ""
 
     CORS_ORIGINS: list[str] = ["app://.", "http://localhost:3000", "http://localhost:5173"]
 
diff --git a/app/core/agent_runner.py b/app/core/agent_runner.py
index d6e9cd5..b8b8242 100644
--- a/app/core/agent_runner.py
+++ b/app/core/agent_runner.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import asyncio
 import json
 import logging
 import uuid
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from typing import Any
 
 from croniter import croniter
@@ -383,7 +383,10 @@ async def run_local_agent(
     )
 
 
-# ── Cloud agent runner (stub) ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── Cloud agent runner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+# Default lookback window when an agent has never run before.
+_CLOUD_DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_DAYS: int = 7
 
 
 async def run_cloud_agent(
@@ -392,26 +395,199 @@ async def run_cloud_agent(
     run_log: AgentRunLog,
     device_mgr: DeviceConnectionManager,
 ) -> None:
-    """Execute a cloud connector agent run.
+    """Execute a cloud connector agent run end-to-end.
 
-    .. note::
-        This is a **stub** — provider integrations (Gmail, Teams, Outlook)
-        are implemented in Step 3.6.  The run is immediately marked as an
-        error with an informative message.
+    Steps:
+
+    1. Verify the user's device is online — results are pushed to Electron
+       via WS tool-call frames.  If no device is connected, abort.
+    2. Decrypt the stored OAuth token from ``config.oauth_token_encrypted``.
+    3. Instantiate the provider client (Gmail or MS Graph).
+    4. Fetch messages/emails since ``config.last_run_at`` (or 7 days ago for
+       the first run) applying ``config.filter_config`` filters.
+    5. For each message/email call ``_extract_items_from_content`` with
+       ``config.prompt_template`` to get structured ``{table, data}`` items.
+    6. Push each item to Electron as an ``insert`` tool-call.
+    7. If the provider refreshed its access token, re-encrypt and write it
+       back to ``config.oauth_token_encrypted``.
+    8. Persist the run outcome via ``_finalize_run``.
     """
+    run_id = run_log.id
+
+    # ── 1. Device online check ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    if not device_mgr.is_online(user_id):
+        logger.info(
+            "agent_runner: skip cloud run=%s — no device online for user=%s",
+            run_id,
+            user_id,
+        )
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="error",
+            errors=["No connected device — cloud agent results cannot be delivered"],
+        )
+        return
+
+    # ── 2. Decrypt OAuth token ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    from app.integrations import decrypt_token, encrypt_token, get_provider
+
+    if not config.oauth_token_encrypted:
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="error",
+            errors=[f"No OAuth token stored for cloud agent '{config.name}'"],
+        )
+        return
+
+    try:
+        credentials_info = decrypt_token(config.oauth_token_encrypted)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        logger.error("agent_runner: failed to decrypt OAuth token for agent %s: %s", config.id, exc)
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="error",
+            errors=[f"Failed to decrypt OAuth token: {exc}"],
+        )
+        return
+
+    # ── 3. Instantiate provider client ────────────────────────────────
+    try:
+        provider = get_provider(config.provider, credentials_info)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="error",
+            errors=[str(exc)],
+        )
+        return
+
+    # ── 4. Fetch messages ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+    since: datetime | None = config.last_run_at
+    if since is None:
+        since = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=_CLOUD_DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_DAYS)
+    if since.tzinfo is None:
+        since = since.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+    errors: list[str] = []
+    items_processed = 0
+    items_created = 0
+
+    try:
+        if config.provider == "gmail":
+            raw_messages = await provider.fetch_messages(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                filter_config=config.filter_config,
+                since=since,
+            )
+        elif config.provider == "outlook":
+            raw_messages = await provider.fetch_emails(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                filter_config=config.filter_config,
+                since=since,
+            )
+        elif config.provider == "teams":
+            raw_messages = await provider.fetch_messages(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                filter_config=config.filter_config,
+                since=since,
+            )
+        else:
+            raw_messages = []
+    except RuntimeError as exc:
+        logger.error(
+            "agent_runner: provider fetch failed for cloud agent %s: %s",
+            config.id,
+            exc,
+        )
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="error",
+            errors=[f"Provider fetch failed: {exc}"],
+            update_config_last_run=True,
+            config_id=config.id,
+            config_type="cloud",
+        )
+        return
+
     logger.info(
-        "agent_runner: cloud agent %s (provider=%s) for user=%s — pending Step 3.6",
+        "agent_runner: cloud agent %s fetched %d item(s) from %s for user=%s",
         config.id,
+        len(raw_messages),
         config.provider,
         user_id,
     )
+
+    # ── 5–6. Extract + insert ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    for msg in raw_messages:
+        content_text = msg.as_text
+        if not content_text:
+            continue
+        items_processed += 1
+        try:
+            extracted = await _extract_items_from_content(
+                config.prompt_template, content_text, config.data_types
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            errors.append(f"LLM extraction error for message {msg.id!r}: {exc}")
+            continue
+
+        for item in extracted:
+            try:
+                result = await _send_insert_to_client(
+                    user_id, item["table"], item["data"], device_mgr
+                )
+                if result.get("error"):
+                    errors.append(
+                        f"Insert failed ({item['table']}, msg={msg.id!r}): {result['error']}"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    items_created += 1
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                errors.append(
+                    f"Timed out awaiting insert ack ({item['table']}, msg={msg.id!r})"
+                )
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                errors.append(f"Insert error ({item['table']}, msg={msg.id!r}): {exc}")
+
+    # ── 7. Persist refreshed token (if any) ───────────────────────────
+    refreshed = getattr(provider, "refreshed_credentials", None)
+    if refreshed:
+        try:
+            new_encrypted = encrypt_token(refreshed)
+            async with async_session() as db:
+                cfg_result = await db.execute(
+                    select(CloudAgentConfig).where(CloudAgentConfig.id == config.id)
+                )
+                cfg_row = cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+                if cfg_row:
+                    cfg_row.oauth_token_encrypted = new_encrypted
+                    await db.commit()
+            logger.debug("agent_runner: refreshed OAuth token persisted for agent %s", config.id)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("agent_runner: failed to persist refreshed token for agent %s: %s", config.id, exc)
+
+    # ── 8. Finalise ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if errors and items_created == 0:
+        final_status = "error"
+    elif errors:
+        final_status = "partial"
+    else:
+        final_status = "success"
+
     await _finalize_run(
         run_log,
-        status="error",
-        errors=[
-            f"Cloud provider integrations for '{config.provider}' are not yet "
-            "implemented. This feature arrives in Step 3.6."
-        ],
+        status=final_status,
+        items_processed=items_processed,
+        items_created=items_created,
+        errors=errors,
+        update_config_last_run=True,
+        config_id=config.id,
+        config_type="cloud",
+    )
+    logger.info(
+        "agent_runner: cloud run=%s done status=%s processed=%d created=%d errors=%d",
+        run_id,
+        final_status,
+        items_processed,
+        items_created,
+        len(errors),
     )
 
 
@@ -519,13 +695,21 @@ async def _finalize_run(
             managed.errors = errors or []
             managed.completed_at = now
 
-            if update_config_last_run and config_id and config_type == "local":
-                cfg_result = await db.execute(
-                    select(LocalAgentConfig).where(LocalAgentConfig.id == config_id)
-                )
-                cfg = cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none()
-                if cfg:
-                    cfg.last_run_at = now
+            if update_config_last_run and config_id:
+                if config_type == "local":
+                    cfg_result = await db.execute(
+                        select(LocalAgentConfig).where(LocalAgentConfig.id == config_id)
+                    )
+                    cfg = cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+                    if cfg:
+                        cfg.last_run_at = now
+                elif config_type == "cloud":
+                    cfg_result = await db.execute(
+                        select(CloudAgentConfig).where(CloudAgentConfig.id == config_id)
+                    )
+                    cfg = cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+                    if cfg:
+                        cfg.last_run_at = now
 
             await db.commit()
     except Exception as exc:
diff --git a/app/core/llm.py b/app/core/llm.py
index 0a717a2..80e14a5 100644
--- a/app/core/llm.py
+++ b/app/core/llm.py
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ Switch providers by changing **LLM_MODEL** / **LLM_ROUTER_MODEL** in ``.env``
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
+
 from openai import AsyncOpenAI
+import litellm
 
 from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
 from litellm import get_supported_openai_params  # noqa: F401 – validates install
@@ -31,6 +34,10 @@ def _api_key_for_model(model: str) -> str | None:
         return settings.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY or None
     if model.startswith("gemini/") or model.startswith("google/"):
         return settings.GOOGLE_API_KEY or None
+    if model.startswith("github_copilot/"):
+        # GitHub Copilot uses OAuth device-flow tokens managed by LiteLLM.
+        # No API key is required; returning None lets LiteLLM handle auth.
+        return None
     # Default: OpenAI-compatible (covers plain model names like "gpt-4o")
     return settings.OPENAI_API_KEY or None
 
@@ -55,6 +62,11 @@ def get_llm(
         Sampling temperature.  ``0`` = deterministic.
     """
     model = model or settings.LLM_MODEL
+
+    # Point LiteLLM to the custom token directory when configured.
+    if settings.GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_DIR:
+        os.environ.setdefault("GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_DIR", settings.GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_DIR)
+
     return ChatOpenAI(
         model=model,
         temperature=temperature,
@@ -71,10 +83,22 @@ def get_router_llm(
 
 
 async def embed(text: str) -> list[float]:
-    """Return a 1536-dim embedding vector for *text* using text-embedding-3-small."""
+    """Return an embedding vector for *text*.
+
+    Uses ``settings.LLM_EMBED_MODEL`` so the same provider switch in ``.env``
+    (e.g. ``github_copilot/text-embedding-3-small``) applies here without any
+    code changes.  Falls back to the raw AsyncOpenAI client for plain OpenAI
+    model names to preserve existing behaviour.
+    """
+    model = settings.LLM_EMBED_MODEL
+
+    if model.startswith("github_copilot/") or "/" in model:
+        # Use LiteLLM for all provider-prefixed models (Copilot, Bedrock, etc.)
+        # so the provider's auth mechanism is applied correctly.
+        response = await litellm.aembedding(model=model, input=[text])
+        return response.data[0]["embedding"]
+
+    # Plain OpenAI model name — use the raw AsyncOpenAI client (existing path).
     client = AsyncOpenAI(api_key=settings.OPENAI_API_KEY)
-    response = await client.embeddings.create(
-        model="text-embedding-3-small",
-        input=text,
-    )
+    response = await client.embeddings.create(model=model, input=text)
     return response.data[0].embedding
diff --git a/app/integrations/__init__.py b/app/integrations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff662aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/integrations/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Cloud provider integration utilities.
+
+Provides:
+  * Shared message dataclasses (``EmailMessage``, ``ChatMessage``) used by
+    both the Gmail and MS Graph clients and consumed by ``agent_runner``.
+  * ``get_provider()`` — factory that returns the correct client given a
+    provider name and decrypted OAuth credentials dict.
+  * ``encrypt_token()`` / ``decrypt_token()`` — Fernet-based at-rest
+    encryption for OAuth tokens stored in ``cloud_agent_configs``.
+
+Encryption rationale
+--------------------
+Unlike user content (which is E2E-encrypted client-side and **never**
+decrypted server-side), OAuth tokens *must* be decrypted server-side
+because the backend makes provider API calls on behalf of the user.
+The Fernet key lives solely in ``OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY`` env var — it
+is never returned to clients.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet, InvalidToken
+
+from app.config.settings import settings
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from app.integrations.gmail import GmailClient
+    from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# ── Shared message types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+@dataclass
+class EmailMessage:
+    """A single email message fetched from Gmail or Outlook."""
+
+    id: str
+    subject: str
+    sender: str
+    body_text: str
+    date: datetime
+    labels: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    @property
+    def as_text(self) -> str:
+        """Return a human-readable text representation for LLM extraction."""
+        date_str = self.date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
+        labels_str = f" [{', '.join(self.labels)}]" if self.labels else ""
+        return (
+            f"From: {self.sender}\n"
+            f"Date: {date_str}{labels_str}\n"
+            f"Subject: {self.subject}\n\n"
+            f"{self.body_text}"
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ChatMessage:
+    """A single Teams chat or channel message fetched from MS Graph."""
+
+    id: str
+    content: str
+    sender: str
+    channel: str | None
+    date: datetime
+
+    @property
+    def as_text(self) -> str:
+        """Return a human-readable text representation for LLM extraction."""
+        date_str = self.date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
+        channel_str = f" [channel: {self.channel}]" if self.channel else ""
+        return (
+            f"From: {self.sender}\n"
+            f"Date: {date_str}{channel_str}\n\n"
+            f"{self.content}"
+        )
+
+
+# ── Fernet helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _get_fernet() -> Fernet:
+    """Return a ``Fernet`` instance using ``settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY``.
+
+    Raises ``RuntimeError`` if ``OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY`` is not set — callers
+    must ensure this is configured before persisting OAuth tokens.
+    """
+    key = settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY
+    if not key:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY is not set. "
+            "Generate one with: python -c \"from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())\""
+        )
+    return Fernet(key.encode() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+
+
+def encrypt_token(token_info: dict) -> str:
+    """Fernet-encrypt an OAuth credential dict and return a base64 string.
+
+    Stores the full ``{access_token, refresh_token, token_uri, client_id,
+    client_secret, scopes, expiry}`` dict (or equivalent MSAL shape).
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY is not configured.
+        ValueError: ``token_info`` is not a non-empty dict.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(token_info, dict) or not token_info:
+        raise ValueError("token_info must be a non-empty dict")
+    plaintext = json.dumps(token_info).encode("utf-8")
+    return _get_fernet().encrypt(plaintext).decode("utf-8")
+
+
+def decrypt_token(encrypted: str) -> dict:
+    """Decrypt a Fernet-encrypted token string and return the credential dict.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY is not configured.
+        ValueError: The encrypted string is invalid or was encrypted with a
+            different key.
+    """
+    try:
+        plaintext = _get_fernet().decrypt(encrypted.encode("utf-8"))
+        return json.loads(plaintext)
+    except (InvalidToken, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"Failed to decrypt OAuth token: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+# ── Provider factory ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def get_provider(
+    provider: str,
+    credentials_info: dict,
+) -> "GmailClient | MSGraphClient":
+    """Return the correct provider client for *provider*.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    provider:
+        One of ``"gmail"``, ``"outlook"``, ``"teams"``.
+    credentials_info:
+        Decrypted OAuth credential dict (Google or Microsoft shape).
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: Unknown provider name.
+    """
+    if provider == "gmail":
+        from app.integrations.gmail import GmailClient
+        return GmailClient(credentials_info)
+    if provider in {"outlook", "teams"}:
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        return MSGraphClient(credentials_info)
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Unknown cloud provider {provider!r}. "
+        "Supported: 'gmail', 'outlook', 'teams'."
+    )
diff --git a/app/integrations/gmail.py b/app/integrations/gmail.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ce858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/integrations/gmail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+"""Gmail API client for cloud agent integration.
+
+Wraps the Google Gmail REST API to fetch email messages matching a
+``filter_config`` dict.  Uses the official ``google-api-python-client``
+library (synchronous) wrapped in ``asyncio.to_thread()`` to avoid
+blocking the event loop.
+
+Token refresh is handled transparently: when the stored access token has
+expired, ``google.auth.transport.requests.Request`` will use the refresh
+token to obtain a fresh one.  The caller is responsible for persisting
+any refreshed credentials back to ``CloudAgentConfig.oauth_token_encrypted``
+(see ``agent_runner.run_cloud_agent``).
+
+Credential dict shape (Google OAuth2):
+    {
+        "token": "<access_token>",
+        "refresh_token": "<refresh_token>",
+        "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+        "client_id": "<client_id>",
+        "client_secret": "<client_secret>",
+        "scopes": ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.readonly"],
+        "expiry": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"  # optional ISO-8601
+    }
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import base64
+import email
+import html
+import logging
+import re
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any
+
+from app.integrations import EmailMessage
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Gmail search date format — e.g. "after:2025/01/01"
+_GMAIL_DATE_FMT = "%Y/%m/%d"
+
+# Maximum characters of body text forwarded to the LLM.
+_BODY_TRUNCATE = 8_000
+
+# Maximum messages retrieved per run (prevents runaway quota usage).
+_MAX_MESSAGES = 200
+
+
+def _build_gmail_query(
+    filter_config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    since: datetime | None,
+) -> str:
+    """Build a Gmail search query string from *filter_config* and *since*.
+
+    Supported ``filter_config`` keys:
+        labels (list[str]):  Gmail label names, e.g. ``["INBOX", "work"]``
+        senders (list[str]): Sender addresses or domains to include
+        date_range (dict):   ``{from: "<YYYY-MM-DD>", to: "<YYYY-MM-DD>"}``
+
+    A hard ``since`` date (from last run) always overrides ``date_range.from``
+    when it is earlier.
+    """
+    parts: list[str] = []
+    cfg = filter_config or {}
+
+    # Labels — joined with OR when multiple given.
+    labels: list[str] = cfg.get("labels", [])
+    if labels:
+        if len(labels) == 1:
+            parts.append(f"label:{labels[0]}")
+        else:
+            label_expr = " OR ".join(f"label:{lbl}" for lbl in labels)
+            parts.append(f"({label_expr})")
+
+    # Senders — each prefixed with "from:".
+    senders: list[str] = cfg.get("senders", [])
+    for sender in senders:
+        parts.append(f"from:{sender}")
+
+    # Date range.
+    date_range: dict = cfg.get("date_range", {})
+    from_str: str | None = date_range.get("from")
+    to_str: str | None = date_range.get("to")
+
+    # Determine effective "from" date: most recent of filter_config.date_range.from and since.
+    effective_since: datetime | None = since
+    if from_str:
+        try:
+            cfg_since = datetime.fromisoformat(from_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if cfg_since.tzinfo is None:
+                cfg_since = cfg_since.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            if effective_since is None or cfg_since > effective_since:
+                effective_since = cfg_since
+        except ValueError:
+            logger.warning("gmail: invalid date_range.from %r — ignoring", from_str)
+
+    if effective_since:
+        parts.append(f"after:{effective_since.strftime(_GMAIL_DATE_FMT)}")
+
+    if to_str:
+        try:
+            to_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(to_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            parts.append(f"before:{to_dt.strftime(_GMAIL_DATE_FMT)}")
+        except ValueError:
+            logger.warning("gmail: invalid date_range.to %r — ignoring", to_str)
+
+    return " ".join(parts)
+
+
+def _strip_html(raw_html: str) -> str:
+    """Remove HTML tags and decode entities to get plain text."""
+    no_tags = re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", " ", raw_html)
+    decoded = html.unescape(no_tags)
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", decoded).strip()
+
+
+def _parse_body(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Recursively extract the plain-text body from a Gmail message payload.
+
+    Prefers ``text/plain``; falls back to ``text/html`` (stripped of tags).
+    Returns an empty string if no body can be extracted.
+    """
+    mime_type: str = payload.get("mimeType", "")
+    body: dict = payload.get("body", {})
+    parts: list[dict] = payload.get("parts", [])
+
+    if mime_type == "text/plain":
+        data = body.get("data", "")
+        if data:
+            return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data + "==").decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        return ""
+
+    if mime_type == "text/html":
+        data = body.get("data", "")
+        if data:
+            raw = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data + "==").decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            return _strip_html(raw)
+        return ""
+
+    # Multipart — prefer text/plain part, fall back to text/html.
+    plain_fallback = ""
+    for part in parts:
+        part_mime = part.get("mimeType", "")
+        if part_mime == "text/plain":
+            return _parse_body(part)
+        if part_mime == "text/html" and not plain_fallback:
+            plain_fallback = _parse_body(part)
+        if part_mime.startswith("multipart/"):
+            nested = _parse_body(part)
+            if nested:
+                return nested
+    return plain_fallback
+
+
+def _parse_date(raw: str) -> datetime:
+    """Parse an RFC 2822 email date header into a UTC ``datetime``."""
+    try:
+        parsed = email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime(raw)
+        if parsed.tzinfo is None:
+            parsed = parsed.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        return parsed.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+    except Exception:
+        return datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+
+class GmailClient:
+    """Fetch email messages from a Gmail account via the Gmail REST API.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    credentials_info:
+        Decrypted OAuth2 credential dict.  Must contain at minimum
+        ``token`` (access token) or ``refresh_token`` + ``token_uri`` +
+        ``client_id`` + ``client_secret``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, credentials_info: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        from google.oauth2.credentials import Credentials
+
+        self._credentials_info = credentials_info
+        expiry_str: str | None = credentials_info.get("expiry")
+        expiry: datetime | None = None
+        if expiry_str:
+            try:
+                expiry = datetime.fromisoformat(
+                    expiry_str.replace("Z", "+00:00")
+                ).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        self._credentials = Credentials(
+            token=credentials_info.get("token"),
+            refresh_token=credentials_info.get("refresh_token"),
+            token_uri=credentials_info.get("token_uri", "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token"),
+            client_id=credentials_info.get("client_id"),
+            client_secret=credentials_info.get("client_secret"),
+            scopes=credentials_info.get("scopes"),
+            expiry=expiry,
+        )
+
+    # ── Public API ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def fetch_messages(
+        self,
+        filter_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        since: datetime | None = None,
+    ) -> list[EmailMessage]:
+        """Return up to ``_MAX_MESSAGES`` emails matching *filter_config*.
+
+        Runs the synchronous Google API calls inside ``asyncio.to_thread()``
+        to avoid blocking the async event loop.
+
+        Token refresh is performed automatically when the access token has
+        expired.  After the call, ``self.refreshed_credentials`` may be
+        consulted to detect whether new credentials should be persisted.
+        """
+        query = _build_gmail_query(filter_config, since)
+        logger.debug("gmail: executing search query %r", query)
+        return await asyncio.to_thread(self._fetch_sync, query)
+
+    @property
+    def refreshed_credentials(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Return updated credential dict if the access token was refreshed.
+
+        If the credentials were refreshed during ``fetch_messages()``, returns
+        a new dict that should be re-encrypted and written back to the DB.
+        Returns ``None`` if no refresh occurred.
+        """
+        creds = self._credentials
+        if not creds.valid and creds.expired:
+            return None
+        # Check whether the token changed from what was stored.
+        if creds.token != self._credentials_info.get("token"):
+            result = {
+                "token": creds.token,
+                "refresh_token": creds.refresh_token,
+                "token_uri": creds.token_uri,
+                "client_id": creds.client_id,
+                "client_secret": creds.client_secret,
+                "scopes": list(creds.scopes or []),
+            }
+            if creds.expiry:
+                result["expiry"] = creds.expiry.isoformat()
+            return result
+        return None
+
+    # ── Internal sync worker ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _fetch_sync(self, query: str) -> list[EmailMessage]:
+        """Synchronous worker — called inside ``asyncio.to_thread()``."""
+        import googleapiclient.discovery
+        import googleapiclient.errors
+        from google.auth.transport.requests import Request
+
+        # Refresh token if needed before building the service.
+        if self._credentials.expired and self._credentials.refresh_token:
+            try:
+                self._credentials.refresh(Request())
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Gmail token refresh failed: {exc}") from exc
+
+        service = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
+            "gmail", "v1", credentials=self._credentials, cache_discovery=False
+        )
+        user_api = service.users()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        # ── List matching message IDs ──────────────────────────────────────
+        ids: list[str] = []
+        page_token: str | None = None
+        while len(ids) < _MAX_MESSAGES:
+            batch_size = min(100, _MAX_MESSAGES - len(ids))
+            kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "userId": "me",
+                "maxResults": batch_size,
+            }
+            if query:
+                kwargs["q"] = query
+            if page_token:
+                kwargs["pageToken"] = page_token
+
+            try:
+                resp = user_api.messages().list(**kwargs).execute()
+            except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as exc:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Gmail messages.list failed: {exc}") from exc
+
+            for msg in resp.get("messages", []):
+                ids.append(msg["id"])
+
+            page_token = resp.get("nextPageToken")
+            if not page_token:
+                break
+
+        if not ids:
+            logger.debug("gmail: no messages matched query %r", query)
+            return []
+
+        logger.info("gmail: fetching %d message(s)", len(ids))
+
+        # ── Fetch individual message details ──────────────────────────────
+        messages: list[EmailMessage] = []
+        for msg_id in ids:
+            try:
+                msg = user_api.messages().get(
+                    userId="me", id=msg_id, format="full"
+                ).execute()
+
+                headers: dict[str, str] = {
+                    h["name"].lower(): h["value"]
+                    for h in msg.get("payload", {}).get("headers", [])
+                }
+                subject = headers.get("subject", "(no subject)")
+                sender = headers.get("from", "unknown")
+                date_raw = headers.get("date", "")
+                date = _parse_date(date_raw) if date_raw else datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+                body_text = _parse_body(msg.get("payload", {}))[:_BODY_TRUNCATE]
+                labels = msg.get("labelIds", [])
+
+                messages.append(EmailMessage(
+                    id=msg_id,
+                    subject=subject,
+                    sender=sender,
+                    body_text=body_text,
+                    date=date,
+                    labels=labels,
+                ))
+            except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as exc:
+                logger.warning("gmail: skipping message %s — HTTP error: %s", msg_id, exc)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning("gmail: skipping message %s — unexpected error: %s", msg_id, exc)
+
+        logger.info("gmail: returned %d message(s)", len(messages))
+        return messages
diff --git a/app/integrations/ms_graph.py b/app/integrations/ms_graph.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14ed001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/integrations/ms_graph.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+"""Microsoft Graph API client for Outlook and Teams cloud agent integration.
+
+Handles two data sources:
+
+* **Outlook email** (``provider="outlook"``) — ``fetch_emails()`` calls
+  ``/me/messages`` with an OData ``$filter`` built from ``filter_config``.
+* **Teams messages** (``provider="teams"``) — ``fetch_messages()`` calls
+  ``/me/chats/getAllMessages`` filtered by date.
+
+Authentication uses MSAL ``PublicClientApplication`` to acquire a token
+from a stored refresh token.  The ``httpx.AsyncClient`` (already a project
+dependency) is used for all API calls.
+
+Credential dict shape (Microsoft OAuth2 / MSAL):
+    {
+        "access_token":  "<access_token>",
+        "refresh_token": "<refresh_token>",
+        "token_type":    "Bearer",
+        "scope":         "Mail.Read ChannelMessage.Read.All offline_access",
+        "expires_in":    3600
+    }
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import Any
+
+import httpx
+
+from app.config.settings import settings
+from app.integrations import ChatMessage, EmailMessage
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_GRAPH_BASE = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0"
+
+# Max items fetched per run.
+_MAX_EMAILS = 200
+_MAX_MESSAGES = 200
+
+# Max characters of body forwarded to the LLM.
+_BODY_TRUNCATE = 8_000
+
+
+def _strip_html(raw: str) -> str:
+    """Strip HTML tags and collapse whitespace."""
+    no_tags = re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", " ", raw)
+    import html as _html
+    decoded = _html.unescape(no_tags)
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", decoded).strip()
+
+
+def _odata_datetime(dt: datetime) -> str:
+    """Format a datetime as an OData datetime literal (UTC, ISO 8601)."""
+    utc = dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+    return utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+
+
+def _build_email_filter(
+    filter_config: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    since: datetime | None,
+) -> str:
+    """Build an OData ``$filter`` expression for the ``/me/messages`` endpoint.
+
+    Supported ``filter_config`` keys:
+        senders (list[str]):  Sender email addresses.
+        date_range (dict):    ``{from: "<ISO-8601>", to: "<ISO-8601>"}``
+        folders (list[str]):  Folder display names (not directly filterable
+                              via OData, so ignored here — callers iterate
+                              folder IDs separately if needed; listed for
+                              completeness).
+
+    A hard ``since`` date always overrides ``date_range.from`` when it is
+    earlier.
+    """
+    clauses: list[str] = []
+    cfg = filter_config or {}
+
+    # Senders.
+    senders: list[str] = cfg.get("senders", [])
+    if senders:
+        sender_clauses = [f"from/emailAddress/address eq '{s}'" for s in senders]
+        clauses.append("(" + " or ".join(sender_clauses) + ")")
+
+    # Date range.
+    date_range: dict = cfg.get("date_range", {})
+    from_str: str | None = date_range.get("from")
+
+    effective_since: datetime | None = since
+    if from_str:
+        try:
+            cfg_since = datetime.fromisoformat(from_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if cfg_since.tzinfo is None:
+                cfg_since = cfg_since.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            if effective_since is None or cfg_since > effective_since:
+                effective_since = cfg_since
+        except ValueError:
+            logger.warning("ms_graph: invalid date_range.from %r — ignoring", from_str)
+
+    if effective_since:
+        clauses.append(f"receivedDateTime ge {_odata_datetime(effective_since)}")
+
+    to_str: str | None = date_range.get("to")
+    if to_str:
+        try:
+            to_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(to_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if to_dt.tzinfo is None:
+                to_dt = to_dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            clauses.append(f"receivedDateTime le {_odata_datetime(to_dt)}")
+        except ValueError:
+            logger.warning("ms_graph: invalid date_range.to %r — ignoring", to_str)
+
+    return " and ".join(clauses)
+
+
+class MSGraphClient:
+    """Fetch emails and Teams messages via the Microsoft Graph REST API.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    credentials_info:
+        Decrypted MSAL credential dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, credentials_info: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self._credentials_info = credentials_info
+        self._access_token: str = credentials_info.get("access_token", "")
+        self._original_access_token: str = self._access_token
+        self._refresh_token: str | None = credentials_info.get("refresh_token")
+
+    # ── Token management ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _auth_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self._access_token}"}
+
+    async def _refresh_access_token(self) -> None:
+        """Use MSAL to exchange the refresh token for a fresh access token.
+
+        Updates ``self._access_token`` and ``self._credentials_info`` in-place.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: MSAL reports an auth error.
+        """
+        import msal
+
+        app = msal.ConfidentialClientApplication(
+            client_id=settings.MS_CLIENT_ID,
+            client_credential=settings.MS_CLIENT_SECRET,
+            authority=f"https://login.microsoftonline.com/{settings.MS_TENANT_ID}",
+        )
+        scopes: list[str] = self._credentials_info.get("scope", "").split()
+        if not scopes:
+            scopes = ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]
+
+        result = app.acquire_token_by_refresh_token(
+            self._refresh_token,
+            scopes=scopes,
+        )
+        if "access_token" not in result:
+            error = result.get("error_description", result.get("error", "unknown"))
+            raise RuntimeError(f"MS Graph token refresh failed: {error}")
+
+        self._access_token = result["access_token"]
+        # MSAL may issue a new refresh token.
+        if "refresh_token" in result:
+            self._refresh_token = result["refresh_token"]
+            self._credentials_info["refresh_token"] = result["refresh_token"]
+        self._credentials_info["access_token"] = self._access_token
+
+    @property
+    def refreshed_credentials(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Return updated credential dict if the access token was refreshed.
+
+        Returns ``None`` if no change was made.
+        """
+        if self._access_token != self._original_access_token:
+            return {**self._credentials_info, "access_token": self._access_token}
+        return None
+
+    # ── HTTP helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def _get(
+        self,
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        url: str,
+        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        *,
+        retry_on_401: bool = True,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """GET *url* with auth; refresh token on 401 and retry once."""
+        resp = await client.get(url, params=params, headers=self._auth_headers())
+        if resp.status_code == 401 and retry_on_401 and self._refresh_token:
+            logger.debug("ms_graph: 401 on %s — refreshing token", url)
+            await self._refresh_access_token()
+            resp = await client.get(url, params=params, headers=self._auth_headers())
+        if resp.status_code == 429:
+            raise RuntimeError("MS Graph rate limit hit (429). Try again later.")
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.json()
+
+    # ── Public API ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def fetch_emails(
+        self,
+        filter_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        since: datetime | None = None,
+    ) -> list[EmailMessage]:
+        """Return up to ``_MAX_EMAILS`` Outlook messages matching *filter_config*.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filter_config:
+            Optional dict with ``senders``, ``date_range``, ``folders`` keys.
+        since:
+            Hard lower-bound on email date (from last agent run).
+        """
+        odata_filter = _build_email_filter(filter_config, since)
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "$top": 50,
+            "$select": "id,subject,from,receivedDateTime,body,bodyPreview",
+            "$orderby": "receivedDateTime desc",
+        }
+        if odata_filter:
+            params["$filter"] = odata_filter
+
+        emails: list[EmailMessage] = []
+        url = f"{_GRAPH_BASE}/me/messages"
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30.0) as client:
+            while url and len(emails) < _MAX_EMAILS:
+                data = await self._get(client, url, params if url.startswith(_GRAPH_BASE) else None)
+                for item in data.get("value", []):
+                    emails.append(self._parse_email(item))
+                    if len(emails) >= _MAX_EMAILS:
+                        break
+                url = data.get("@odata.nextLink", "")
+                params = {}  # nextLink already contains encoded params.
+
+        logger.info("ms_graph: fetched %d Outlook email(s)", len(emails))
+        return emails
+
+    async def fetch_messages(
+        self,
+        filter_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        since: datetime | None = None,
+    ) -> list[ChatMessage]:
+        """Return up to ``_MAX_MESSAGES`` Teams messages matching *filter_config*.
+
+        Fetches from ``/me/chats/getAllMessages`` (personal + group chats).
+        The ``filter_config.channels`` key is checked as a text-filter on
+        the channel name post-fetch (the API doesn't support channel OData
+        filter directly on ``getAllMessages``).
+        """
+        cfg = filter_config or {}
+        channel_filter: list[str] = [c.lower() for c in cfg.get("channels", [])]
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {"$top": 50}
+        if since:
+            params["$filter"] = f"createdDateTime ge {_odata_datetime(since)}"
+
+        messages: list[ChatMessage] = []
+        url = f"{_GRAPH_BASE}/me/chats/getAllMessages"
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30.0) as client:
+            while url and len(messages) < _MAX_MESSAGES:
+                try:
+                    data = await self._get(client, url, params if url.startswith(_GRAPH_BASE) else None)
+                except httpx.HTTPStatusError as exc:
+                    # getAllMessages requires specific licensing; degrade gracefully.
+                    if exc.response.status_code in (403, 404):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "ms_graph: /me/chats/getAllMessages not available (%d) — "
+                            "check Teams license or permissions",
+                            exc.response.status_code,
+                        )
+                        break
+                    raise
+
+                for item in data.get("value", []):
+                    msg = self._parse_teams_message(item)
+                    if channel_filter and msg.channel:
+                        if not any(c in msg.channel.lower() for c in channel_filter):
+                            continue
+                    messages.append(msg)
+                    if len(messages) >= _MAX_MESSAGES:
+                        break
+                url = data.get("@odata.nextLink", "")
+                params = {}
+
+        logger.info("ms_graph: fetched %d Teams message(s)", len(messages))
+        return messages
+
+    # ── Parsers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_email(item: dict[str, Any]) -> EmailMessage:
+        subject: str = item.get("subject", "(no subject)") or "(no subject)"
+        sender_block = item.get("from", {}) or {}
+        sender_addr = (
+            (sender_block.get("emailAddress") or {}).get("address", "unknown")
+        )
+        date_str: str = item.get("receivedDateTime", "")
+        try:
+            date = datetime.fromisoformat(date_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+        except Exception:
+            date = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+        body_block = item.get("body", {}) or {}
+        content_type: str = body_block.get("contentType", "text")
+        raw_body: str = body_block.get("content", "")
+        if content_type == "html":
+            body_text = _strip_html(raw_body)
+        else:
+            body_text = raw_body or item.get("bodyPreview", "")
+        body_text = body_text[:_BODY_TRUNCATE]
+
+        return EmailMessage(
+            id=item.get("id", ""),
+            subject=subject,
+            sender=sender_addr,
+            body_text=body_text,
+            date=date,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_teams_message(item: dict[str, Any]) -> ChatMessage:
+        msg_id: str = item.get("id", "")
+        sender_block = (item.get("from") or {}).get("user") or {}
+        sender: str = sender_block.get("displayName", "unknown")
+        channel: str | None = (item.get("channelIdentity") or {}).get("channelId")
+
+        date_str: str = item.get("createdDateTime", "")
+        try:
+            date = datetime.fromisoformat(date_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+        except Exception:
+            date = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+        body_block = item.get("body", {}) or {}
+        content_type: str = body_block.get("contentType", "text")
+        raw_content: str = body_block.get("content", "")
+        content = _strip_html(raw_content) if content_type == "html" else raw_content
+        content = content[:_BODY_TRUNCATE]
+
+        return ChatMessage(
+            id=msg_id,
+            content=content,
+            sender=sender,
+            channel=channel,
+            date=date,
+        )
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 0d40152..07b33c6 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ services:
         required: false
     environment:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@db:5432/adiuva
+      GITHUB_COPILOT_TOKEN_DIR: /root/.config/litellm/github_copilot
+    volumes:
+      - copilot_tokens:/root/.config/litellm/github_copilot
     depends_on:
       db:
         condition: service_healthy
@@ -66,3 +69,4 @@ volumes:
   postgres_data:
   minio_data:
   qdrant_data:
+  copilot_tokens:
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 0650450..7e2fbcd 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -25,4 +25,10 @@ moto[s3]>=5.0.0
 pinecone>=5.0.0
 qdrant-client>=1.7.0
 croniter>=3.0.0
+google-api-python-client>=2.130.0
+google-auth>=2.29.0
+google-auth-oauthlib>=1.2.0
+google-auth-httplib2>=0.2.0
+msal>=1.28.0
+cryptography>=42.0.0
 ruff>=0.8.0
diff --git a/tests/test_agent_runner.py b/tests/test_agent_runner.py
index 46b748d..d1d58d5 100644
--- a/tests/test_agent_runner.py
+++ b/tests/test_agent_runner.py
@@ -455,21 +455,232 @@ async def test_run_local_agent_llm_extraction_error():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_run_cloud_agent_stub_returns_error():
-    """Cloud agent stub immediately marks run as error with informative message."""
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_device_offline():
+    """Cloud agent aborts immediately when no device is connected."""
     config = _make_cloud_config()
     run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
+    mgr = DeviceConnectionManager()  # empty — no devices registered
+
+    with patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_finalize:
+        await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
+
+    mock_finalize.assert_called_once()
+    _, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
+    assert kwargs["status"] == "error"
+    assert any("device" in e.lower() or "connected" in e.lower() for e in kwargs["errors"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_no_oauth_token():
+    """Cloud agent errors when no OAuth token is stored."""
+    config = _make_cloud_config()
+    config.oauth_token_encrypted = None
+    run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
     mgr = _make_manager()
 
     with patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_finalize:
         await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
 
-    mock_finalize.assert_called_once()
-    _args, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
+    _, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
     assert kwargs["status"] == "error"
-    assert len(kwargs["errors"]) == 1
-    assert "gmail" in kwargs["errors"][0].lower()
-    assert "3.6" in kwargs["errors"][0]
+    assert any("oauth" in e.lower() or "token" in e.lower() for e in kwargs["errors"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_token_decrypt_failure():
+    """Cloud agent errors gracefully when the stored token cannot be decrypted."""
+    config = _make_cloud_config()
+    config.oauth_token_encrypted = "this-is-not-valid-fernet-ciphertext"
+    run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
+    mgr = _make_manager()
+
+    from cryptography.fernet import Fernet as _Fernet
+    valid_key = _Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+
+    with patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_finalize, \
+         patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+        mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = valid_key
+        await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
+
+    _, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
+    assert kwargs["status"] == "error"
+    assert any("decrypt" in e.lower() for e in kwargs["errors"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_happy_path_gmail():
+    """Cloud agent happy path: Gmail fetch → LLM extraction → inserts → success."""
+    from app.integrations import EmailMessage, encrypt_token
+    from cryptography.fernet import Fernet as _Fernet
+
+    fernet_key = _Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+    credentials = {
+        "token": "access_abc",
+        "refresh_token": "refresh_xyz",
+        "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+        "client_id": "cid",
+        "client_secret": "csec",
+    }
+
+    config = _make_cloud_config()
+    config.provider = "gmail"
+    config.prompt_template = "Extract tasks from this email."
+    config.data_types = ["tasks"]
+
+    with patch("app.integrations.settings") as ms:
+        ms.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = fernet_key
+        config.oauth_token_encrypted = encrypt_token(credentials)
+
+    run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
+    mgr = _make_manager()
+
+    sample_email = EmailMessage(
+        id="msg001",
+        subject="Action required",
+        sender="boss@company.com",
+        body_text="Please fix the bug by Friday.",
+        date=datetime(2025, 6, 1, 10, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+    )
+
+    extracted_items = [{"table": "tasks", "data": {"title": "Fix the bug", "priority": "high"}}]
+
+    with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_int_settings, \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_finalize, \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner._extract_items_from_content", new_callable=AsyncMock, return_value=extracted_items) as mock_extract, \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner._send_insert_to_client", new_callable=AsyncMock, return_value={"ok": True}) as mock_insert, \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner.async_session"):
+        mock_int_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = fernet_key
+
+        mock_gmail = AsyncMock()
+        mock_gmail.fetch_messages = AsyncMock(return_value=[sample_email])
+        mock_gmail.refreshed_credentials = None
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.decrypt_token", return_value=credentials), \
+             patch("app.integrations.get_provider", return_value=mock_gmail):
+            await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
+
+    mock_extract.assert_called_once()
+    mock_insert.assert_called_once()
+    _, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
+    assert kwargs["status"] == "success"
+    assert kwargs["items_processed"] == 1
+    assert kwargs["items_created"] == 1
+    assert kwargs["config_type"] == "cloud"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_provider_fetch_error():
+    """Cloud agent records error status when provider fetch raises RuntimeError."""
+    credentials = {"token": "abc"}
+    config = _make_cloud_config()
+    config.oauth_token_encrypted = "some_encrypted_value"  # non-empty so decrypt step is reached
+    config.prompt_template = "Extract tasks."
+    config.data_types = ["tasks"]
+    run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
+    mgr = _make_manager()
+
+    mock_provider = AsyncMock()
+    mock_provider.fetch_messages = AsyncMock(side_effect=RuntimeError("API quota exceeded"))
+    mock_provider.refreshed_credentials = None
+
+    with patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_finalize, \
+         patch("app.integrations.decrypt_token", return_value=credentials), \
+         patch("app.integrations.get_provider", return_value=mock_provider), \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner.async_session"):
+        await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
+
+    _, kwargs = mock_finalize.call_args
+    assert kwargs["status"] == "error"
+    assert any("quota" in e.lower() or "fetch" in e.lower() for e in kwargs["errors"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_cloud_agent_refreshed_token_persisted():
+    """When the provider refreshes its token, the new ciphertext is written to DB."""
+    from app.integrations import EmailMessage, encrypt_token
+    from cryptography.fernet import Fernet as _Fernet
+
+    fernet_key = _Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+    credentials = {"token": "old_token", "refresh_token": "rt_old"}
+    fresh_credentials = {"token": "new_token", "refresh_token": "rt_new"}
+
+    config = _make_cloud_config()
+    config.prompt_template = "Extract tasks."
+    config.data_types = ["tasks"]
+
+    with patch("app.integrations.settings") as ms:
+        ms.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = fernet_key
+        config.oauth_token_encrypted = encrypt_token(credentials)
+
+    run_log = _make_run_log(config.id, agent_type="cloud")
+    mgr = _make_manager()
+
+    mock_provider = AsyncMock()
+    mock_provider.fetch_messages = AsyncMock(return_value=[])
+    mock_provider.refreshed_credentials = fresh_credentials  # token was refreshed
+
+    # Track DB writes via mock async_session.
+    mock_cfg_row = MagicMock()
+    mock_cfg_row.oauth_token_encrypted = None
+
+    mock_db = AsyncMock()
+    mock_db.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_db)
+    mock_db.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+    mock_db.scalar_one_or_none = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_cfg_row)
+    cfg_result = MagicMock()
+    cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none.return_value = mock_cfg_row
+    mock_db.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=cfg_result)
+    mock_db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    with patch("app.core.agent_runner._finalize_run", new_callable=AsyncMock), \
+         patch("app.integrations.decrypt_token", return_value=credentials), \
+         patch("app.integrations.get_provider", return_value=mock_provider), \
+         patch("app.integrations.encrypt_token", return_value="new_encrypted") as mock_encrypt, \
+         patch("app.core.agent_runner.async_session", return_value=mock_db), \
+         patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_int_settings:
+        mock_int_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = fernet_key
+        await run_cloud_agent(_FREE_UID, config, run_log, mgr)
+
+    # The new encrypted token should have been written to the config row.
+    mock_encrypt.assert_called_once_with(fresh_credentials)
+    assert mock_cfg_row.oauth_token_encrypted == "new_encrypted"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_run_updates_cloud_config_last_run_at():
+    """_finalize_run with config_type='cloud' updates CloudAgentConfig.last_run_at."""
+    from app.core.agent_runner import _finalize_run
+
+    run_log = _make_run_log(str(uuid.uuid4()), agent_type="cloud")
+    run_log.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    mock_cfg = MagicMock()
+    mock_cfg.last_run_at = None
+
+    cfg_result = MagicMock()
+    cfg_result.scalar_one_or_none.return_value = mock_cfg
+
+    mock_db = AsyncMock()
+    mock_db.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_db)
+    mock_db.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+    mock_db.merge = AsyncMock(return_value=run_log)
+    mock_db.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=cfg_result)
+    mock_db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    config_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    with patch("app.core.agent_runner.async_session", return_value=mock_db):
+        await _finalize_run(
+            run_log,
+            status="success",
+            update_config_last_run=True,
+            config_id=config_id,
+            config_type="cloud",
+        )
+
+    # CloudAgentConfig.last_run_at should have been set.
+    assert mock_cfg.last_run_at is not None
+    mock_db.commit.assert_called()
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/test_integrations.py b/tests/test_integrations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79abccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_integrations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+"""Tests for Step 3.6: cloud provider integration clients.
+
+Coverage:
+  Unit \u2014 app/integrations/__init__.py:
+    - encrypt_token / decrypt_token round-trip
+    - decrypt_token raises ValueError on invalid ciphertext
+    - encrypt_token raises ValueError on empty/non-dict input
+    - _get_fernet raises RuntimeError when OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY not set
+    - get_provider returns GmailClient for 'gmail'
+    - get_provider returns MSGraphClient for 'outlook' and 'teams'
+    - get_provider raises ValueError for unknown provider
+
+  Unit \u2014 app/integrations/gmail.py:
+    - _build_gmail_query with no filter returns empty string
+    - _build_gmail_query with labels builds label: expr
+    - _build_gmail_query with senders builds from: expr
+    - _build_gmail_query with date_range builds after:/before: exprs
+    - _build_gmail_query since overrides date_range.from when more recent
+    - _build_gmail_query date_range.from overrides since when more recent
+    - _parse_body extracts text/plain part
+    - _parse_body extracts text/html part (stripped)
+    - _parse_body recurses into multipart, prefers text/plain
+    - GmailClient.fetch_messages: happy path with mocked service
+    - GmailClient.fetch_messages: no messages returns empty list
+    - GmailClient.fetch_messages: HTTP error on messages.list raises RuntimeError
+    - GmailClient.refreshed_credentials: None when token unchanged
+    - GmailClient.refreshed_credentials: returns dict when token changes
+
+  Unit \u2014 app/integrations/ms_graph.py:
+    - _build_email_filter with no filter returns empty string
+    - _build_email_filter with senders builds OData from clause
+    - _build_email_filter with since builds receivedDateTime ge clause
+    - MSGraphClient.fetch_emails: happy path with mocked httpx
+    - MSGraphClient.fetch_emails: 401 triggers token refresh and retries
+    - MSGraphClient.fetch_messages: happy path with mocked httpx
+    - MSGraphClient.fetch_messages: 403 from getAllMessages degrades gracefully
+    - MSGraphClient.refreshed_credentials: None when token unchanged
+    - MSGraphClient._refresh_access_token: MSAL error raises RuntimeError
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock, PropertyMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.integrations import (
+    ChatMessage,
+    EmailMessage,
+    decrypt_token,
+    encrypt_token,
+    get_provider,
+)
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# Helpers
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+_FERNET_KEY = "eW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3QtdXNlLXRoaXMta2V5LWluLXByb2Q="
+# ^ 32-char URL-safe base64  (generated for tests only; not a real Fernet key length,
+#   so we generate a proper one below)
+
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet as _Fernet  # noqa: E402
+
+_VALID_KEY = _Fernet.generate_key().decode("utf-8")
+
+_TOKEN_DICT = {
+    "token": "access_abc",
+    "refresh_token": "refresh_xyz",
+    "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+    "client_id": "client_id_123",
+    "client_secret": "client_secret_456",
+    "scopes": ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.readonly"],
+}
+
+_MS_TOKEN_DICT = {
+    "access_token": "ms_access_abc",
+    "refresh_token": "ms_refresh_xyz",
+    "token_type": "Bearer",
+    "scope": "Mail.Read offline_access",
+}
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# encrypt_token / decrypt_token
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+class TestTokenEncryption:
+    """encrypt_token / decrypt_token round-trip tests."""
+
+    def test_round_trip(self):
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = _VALID_KEY
+            encrypted = encrypt_token(_TOKEN_DICT)
+            assert isinstance(encrypted, str)
+            assert encrypted != json.dumps(_TOKEN_DICT)  # must be ciphertext, not plaintext
+            recovered = decrypt_token(encrypted)
+            assert recovered == _TOKEN_DICT
+
+    def test_decrypt_invalid_ciphertext_raises_value_error(self):
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = _VALID_KEY
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Failed to decrypt"):
+                decrypt_token("this-is-not-valid-fernet-ciphertext")
+
+    def test_decrypt_wrong_key_raises_value_error(self):
+        """Decrypting with a different key must fail with ValueError."""
+        other_key = _Fernet.generate_key().decode("utf-8")
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = _VALID_KEY
+            encrypted = encrypt_token(_TOKEN_DICT)
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings2:
+            mock_settings2.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = other_key
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Failed to decrypt"):
+                decrypt_token(encrypted)
+
+    def test_encrypt_empty_dict_raises_value_error(self):
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = _VALID_KEY
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty dict"):
+                encrypt_token({})
+
+    def test_encrypt_non_dict_raises_value_error(self):
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = _VALID_KEY
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty dict"):
+                encrypt_token("not-a-dict")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def test_missing_key_raises_runtime_error(self):
+        with patch("app.integrations.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY = ""
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="OAUTH_ENCRYPTION_KEY"):
+                encrypt_token(_TOKEN_DICT)
+
+    def test_email_message_as_text(self):
+        msg = EmailMessage(
+            id="m1",
+            subject="Hello",
+            sender="alice@example.com",
+            body_text="Test body",
+            date=datetime(2025, 6, 1, 10, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        )
+        text = msg.as_text
+        assert "From: alice@example.com" in text
+        assert "Subject: Hello" in text
+        assert "Test body" in text
+
+    def test_chat_message_as_text(self):
+        msg = ChatMessage(
+            id="c1",
+            content="Buy milk",
+            sender="bob",
+            channel="general",
+            date=datetime(2025, 6, 1, 10, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        )
+        text = msg.as_text
+        assert "From: bob" in text
+        assert "channel: general" in text
+        assert "Buy milk" in text
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# get_provider factory
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+class TestGetProvider:
+    def test_gmail_returns_gmail_client(self):
+        from app.integrations.gmail import GmailClient
+
+        client = get_provider("gmail", _TOKEN_DICT)
+        assert isinstance(client, GmailClient)
+
+    def test_outlook_returns_ms_graph_client(self):
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+
+        client = get_provider("outlook", _MS_TOKEN_DICT)
+        assert isinstance(client, MSGraphClient)
+
+    def test_teams_returns_ms_graph_client(self):
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+
+        client = get_provider("teams", _MS_TOKEN_DICT)
+        assert isinstance(client, MSGraphClient)
+
+    def test_unknown_provider_raises_value_error(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown cloud provider"):
+            get_provider("slack", {})
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# Gmail client \u2014 query builder
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+class TestBuildGmailQuery:
+    """Unit tests for gmail._build_gmail_query."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        from app.integrations.gmail import _build_gmail_query
+        self._fn = _build_gmail_query
+
+    def test_empty_returns_empty_string(self):
+        assert self._fn(None, None) == ""
+
+    def test_single_label(self):
+        q = self._fn({"labels": ["INBOX"]}, None)
+        assert "label:INBOX" in q
+
+    def test_multiple_labels_joined_with_or(self):
+        q = self._fn({"labels": ["INBOX", "work"]}, None)
+        assert "label:INBOX OR label:work" in q
+
+    def test_senders(self):
+        q = self._fn({"senders": ["alice@example.com"]}, None)
+        assert "from:alice@example.com" in q
+
+    def test_date_range_from(self):
+        q = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "2025-01-15"}}, None)
+        assert "after:2025/01/15" in q
+
+    def test_date_range_to(self):
+        q = self._fn({"date_range": {"to": "2025-03-01"}}, None)
+        assert "before:2025/03/01" in q
+
+    def test_since_overrides_earlier_date_range_from(self):
+        """since=Feb is more recent than date_range.from=Jan, so after: should be Feb."""
+        since = datetime(2025, 2, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        q = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "2025-01-01"}}, since)
+        assert "after:2025/02/01" in q
+        assert "after:2025/01/01" not in q
+
+    def test_date_range_from_overrides_earlier_since(self):
+        """date_range.from=Feb is more recent than since=Jan, so after: should be Feb."""
+        since = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        q = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "2025-02-01"}}, since)
+        assert "after:2025/02/01" in q
+
+    def test_invalid_date_ignored(self):
+        """An invalid date string in filter_config must not raise, just be skipped."""
+        q = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "not-a-date"}}, None)
+        assert "after:" not in q
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# Gmail client \u2014 body parsing
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+class TestParseBody:
+    """Unit tests for gmail._parse_body."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        from app.integrations.gmail import _parse_body
+        self._fn = _parse_body
+
+    def _encode(self, text: str) -> str:
+        import base64
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(text.encode()).decode()
+
+    def test_text_plain_extracted(self):
+        payload = {
+            "mimeType": "text/plain",
+            "body": {"data": self._encode("Hello world")},
+        }
+        assert self._fn(payload) == "Hello world"
+
+    def test_text_html_stripped(self):
+        payload = {
+            "mimeType": "text/html",
+            "body": {"data": self._encode("<p>Hello <b>world</b></p>")},
+        }
+        result = self._fn(payload)
+        assert "Hello" in result
+        assert "<p>" not in result
+
+    def test_multipart_prefers_plain_over_html(self):
+        plain_data = self._encode("Plain text")
+        html_data = self._encode("<p>HTML text</p>")
+        payload = {
+            "mimeType": "multipart/alternative",
+            "body": {},
+            "parts": [
+                {"mimeType": "text/html", "body": {"data": html_data}},
+                {"mimeType": "text/plain", "body": {"data": plain_data}},
+            ],
+        }
+        result = self._fn(payload)
+        assert result == "Plain text"
+
+    def test_empty_payload_returns_empty_string(self):
+        assert self._fn({}) == ""
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# GmailClient.fetch_messages
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+def _make_gmail_message(
+    msg_id: str = "msg001",
+    subject: str = "Test email",
+    sender: str = "alice@example.com",
+    body_text: str = "Hello world",
+    date: str = "Mon, 01 Jan 2025 10:00:00 +0000",
+) -> dict:
+    """Build a minimal Gmail API message response dict."""
+    import base64
+    body_data = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(body_text.encode()).decode()
+    return {
+        "id": msg_id,
+        "labelIds": ["INBOX"],
+        "payload": {
+            "mimeType": "text/plain",
+            "headers": [
+                {"name": "Subject", "value": subject},
+                {"name": "From", "value": sender},
+                {"name": "Date", "value": date},
+            ],
+            "body": {"data": body_data},
+        },
+    }
+
+
+class TestGmailClientFetchMessages:
+    """GmailClient.fetch_messages tests with mocked Google API."""
+
+    def _make_client(self) -> "GmailClient":
+        from app.integrations.gmail import GmailClient
+        return GmailClient(_TOKEN_DICT)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_happy_path_returns_email_messages(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        msg = _make_gmail_message()
+
+        mock_service = MagicMock()
+        mock_users = mock_service.users.return_value
+        mock_messages = mock_users.messages.return_value
+        mock_messages.list.return_value.execute.return_value = {
+            "messages": [{"id": "msg001"}]
+        }
+        mock_messages.get.return_value.execute.return_value = msg
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.gmail.asyncio.to_thread") as mock_thread:
+            # Simulate to_thread running the sync function and returning results.
+            async def fake_to_thread(fn, *args, **kwargs):
+                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+            mock_thread.side_effect = fake_to_thread
+
+            with patch("googleapiclient.discovery.build", return_value=mock_service), \
+                 patch("google.auth.transport.requests.Request"), \
+                 patch.object(type(client._credentials), "expired", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value=False):
+                results = await client.fetch_messages()
+
+        assert len(results) == 1
+        assert results[0].subject == "Test email"
+        assert results[0].sender == "alice@example.com"
+        assert results[0].body_text == "Hello world"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_no_messages_returns_empty_list(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+
+        mock_service = MagicMock()
+        mock_users = mock_service.users.return_value
+        mock_messages = mock_users.messages.return_value
+        mock_messages.list.return_value.execute.return_value = {"messages": []}
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.gmail.asyncio.to_thread") as mock_thread:
+            async def fake_to_thread(fn, *args, **kwargs):
+                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+            mock_thread.side_effect = fake_to_thread
+
+            with patch("googleapiclient.discovery.build", return_value=mock_service), \
+                 patch("google.auth.transport.requests.Request"), \
+                 patch.object(type(client._credentials), "expired", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value=False):
+                results = await client.fetch_messages()
+
+        assert results == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_list_http_error_raises_runtime_error(self):
+        import googleapiclient.errors
+        client = self._make_client()
+
+        mock_service = MagicMock()
+        mock_users = mock_service.users.return_value
+        mock_messages = mock_users.messages.return_value
+        mock_resp = MagicMock()
+        mock_resp.status = 403
+        mock_resp.reason = "Forbidden"
+        mock_messages.list.return_value.execute.side_effect = (
+            googleapiclient.errors.HttpError(mock_resp, b"Forbidden")
+        )
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.gmail.asyncio.to_thread") as mock_thread:
+            async def fake_to_thread(fn, *args, **kwargs):
+                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+            mock_thread.side_effect = fake_to_thread
+
+            with patch("googleapiclient.discovery.build", return_value=mock_service), \
+                 patch("google.auth.transport.requests.Request"), \
+                 patch.object(type(client._credentials), "expired", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value=False):
+                with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Gmail messages.list failed"):
+                    await client.fetch_messages()
+
+    def test_refreshed_credentials_none_when_unchanged(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        # Token unchanged — should return None.
+        assert client.refreshed_credentials is None
+
+    def test_refreshed_credentials_returns_dict_when_token_changes(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        # Simulate a token refresh by changing the access token on the credentials object.
+        client._credentials.token = "new_access_token_xyz"
+        refreshed = client.refreshed_credentials
+        assert refreshed is not None
+        assert refreshed["token"] == "new_access_token_xyz"
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# MS Graph client \u2014 email filter builder
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+class TestBuildEmailFilter:
+    """Unit tests for ms_graph._build_email_filter."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import _build_email_filter
+        self._fn = _build_email_filter
+
+    def test_empty_returns_empty_string(self):
+        assert self._fn(None, None) == ""
+
+    def test_single_sender(self):
+        result = self._fn({"senders": ["alice@example.com"]}, None)
+        assert "from/emailAddress/address eq 'alice@example.com'" in result
+
+    def test_multiple_senders_joined_with_or(self):
+        result = self._fn({"senders": ["a@x.com", "b@x.com"]}, None)
+        assert " or " in result
+        assert "a@x.com" in result
+        assert "b@x.com" in result
+
+    def test_since_adds_received_date_ge_clause(self):
+        since = datetime(2025, 3, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        result = self._fn(None, since)
+        assert "receivedDateTime ge 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z" in result
+
+    def test_date_range_to_adds_received_date_le_clause(self):
+        result = self._fn({"date_range": {"to": "2025-06-30"}}, None)
+        assert "receivedDateTime le" in result
+
+    def test_since_overrides_earlier_date_range_from(self):
+        since = datetime(2025, 2, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        result = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "2025-01-01"}}, since)
+        assert "2025-02-01T00:00:00Z" in result
+        assert "2025-01-01" not in result
+
+    def test_invalid_date_ignored(self):
+        result = self._fn({"date_range": {"from": "bad-date"}}, None)
+        assert "receivedDateTime" not in result
+
+
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+# MSGraphClient.fetch_emails
+# \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500
+
+
+def _make_graph_email(
+    msg_id: str = "email001",
+    subject: str = "Meeting tomorrow",
+    sender_address: str = "boss@company.com",
+    body_content: str = "Please prepare the report.",
+    received: str = "2025-06-01T10:00:00Z",
+) -> dict:
+    """Build a minimal MS Graph message item dict."""
+    return {
+        "id": msg_id,
+        "subject": subject,
+        "from": {"emailAddress": {"address": sender_address}},
+        "receivedDateTime": received,
+        "body": {"contentType": "text", "content": body_content},
+        "bodyPreview": body_content[:100],
+    }
+
+
+def _make_graph_teams_message(
+    msg_id: str = "teams001",
+    content: str = "Stand-up at 9am",
+    sender: str = "alice",
+    channel_id: str = "chan001",
+    created: str = "2025-06-01T08:00:00Z",
+) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": msg_id,
+        "body": {"contentType": "text", "content": content},
+        "from": {"user": {"displayName": sender}},
+        "channelIdentity": {"channelId": channel_id},
+        "createdDateTime": created,
+    }
+
+
+class TestMSGraphClientFetchEmails:
+    """MSGraphClient.fetch_emails tests with mocked httpx."""
+
+    def _make_client(self) -> "MSGraphClient":
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        return MSGraphClient(_MS_TOKEN_DICT)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_happy_path_returns_email_messages(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        graph_email = _make_graph_email()
+
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"value": [graph_email]}
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_emails()
+
+        assert len(results) == 1
+        assert results[0].subject == "Meeting tomorrow"
+        assert results[0].sender == "boss@company.com"
+        assert results[0].body_text == "Please prepare the report."
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_pagination_stops_at_max_emails(self):
+        """No nextLink in first page \u2014 only one batch returned."""
+        client = self._make_client()
+        emails_batch = [_make_graph_email(msg_id=str(i)) for i in range(3)]
+
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"value": emails_batch}  # no @odata.nextLink
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_emails()
+
+        assert len(results) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_401_triggers_token_refresh_and_retries(self):
+        """On first 401, token refresh is attempted and the request retried."""
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        client = MSGraphClient(_MS_TOKEN_DICT)
+
+        graph_email = _make_graph_email()
+
+        response_401 = MagicMock()
+        response_401.status_code = 401
+
+        response_200 = MagicMock()
+        response_200.status_code = 200
+        response_200.json.return_value = {"value": [graph_email]}
+        response_200.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+        call_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_get(url, params=None, headers=None):
+            nonlocal call_count
+            call_count += 1
+            if call_count == 1:
+                return response_401
+            return response_200
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls, \
+             patch.object(client, "_refresh_access_token", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_refresh:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = fake_get
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_emails()
+
+        mock_refresh.assert_called_once()
+        assert len(results) == 1
+
+    def test_refreshed_credentials_none_when_token_unchanged(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        assert client.refreshed_credentials is None
+
+    def test_refreshed_credentials_returns_dict_when_token_changes(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        client._access_token = "new_token_abc"
+        assert client.refreshed_credentials is not None
+        assert client.refreshed_credentials["access_token"] == "new_token_abc"
+
+
+class TestMSGraphClientFetchMessages:
+    """MSGraphClient.fetch_messages (Teams) tests."""
+
+    def _make_client(self) -> "MSGraphClient":
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        return MSGraphClient(_MS_TOKEN_DICT)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_happy_path_returns_chat_messages(self):
+        client = self._make_client()
+        teams_msg = _make_graph_teams_message()
+
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"value": [teams_msg]}
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_messages()
+
+        assert len(results) == 1
+        assert results[0].content == "Stand-up at 9am"
+        assert results[0].sender == "alice"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_403_degrades_gracefully(self):
+        """getAllMessages returning 403 (license issue) returns empty list, no exception."""
+        import httpx as _httpx
+
+        client = self._make_client()
+
+        error_response = MagicMock()
+        error_response.status_code = 403
+        http_error = _httpx.HTTPStatusError(
+            "Forbidden", request=MagicMock(), response=error_response
+        )
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = AsyncMock(side_effect=http_error)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_messages()
+
+        assert results == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_channel_filter_applied(self):
+        """Messages from non-matching channels are filtered out."""
+        client = self._make_client()
+        matching = _make_graph_teams_message(channel_id="dev-channel", content="Deploy today")
+        non_matching = _make_graph_teams_message(msg_id="t2", channel_id="random", content="Lunch?")
+
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.status_code = 200
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"value": [matching, non_matching]}
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+        with patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.httpx.AsyncClient") as mock_client_cls:
+            mock_http = AsyncMock()
+            mock_http.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_http)
+            mock_client_cls.return_value.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+            results = await client.fetch_messages(
+                filter_config={"channels": ["dev-channel"]}
+            )
+
+        assert len(results) == 1
+        assert results[0].content == "Deploy today"
+
+
+class TestMSGraphClientRefreshToken:
+    """MSGraphClient._refresh_access_token with mocked MSAL."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_msal_error_raises_runtime_error(self):
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        client = MSGraphClient({**_MS_TOKEN_DICT, "refresh_token": "rt_test"})
+
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.acquire_token_by_refresh_token.return_value = {
+            "error": "invalid_grant",
+            "error_description": "Refresh token expired",
+        }
+
+        with patch("msal.ConfidentialClientApplication", return_value=mock_app), \
+             patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.MS_CLIENT_ID = "client_id"
+            mock_settings.MS_CLIENT_SECRET = "secret"
+            mock_settings.MS_TENANT_ID = "common"
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="MS Graph token refresh failed"):
+                await client._refresh_access_token()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_successful_refresh_updates_access_token(self):
+        from app.integrations.ms_graph import MSGraphClient
+        client = MSGraphClient({**_MS_TOKEN_DICT, "refresh_token": "rt_old"})
+
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.acquire_token_by_refresh_token.return_value = {
+            "access_token": "new_access_token",
+            "refresh_token": "new_refresh_token",
+        }
+
+        with patch("msal.ConfidentialClientApplication", return_value=mock_app), \
+             patch("app.integrations.ms_graph.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.MS_CLIENT_ID = "client_id"
+            mock_settings.MS_CLIENT_SECRET = "secret"
+            mock_settings.MS_TENANT_ID = "common"
+            await client._refresh_access_token()
+
+        assert client._access_token == "new_access_token"
+        assert client._refresh_token == "new_refresh_token"